During their first century in America, there was no such thing as welfare, Temporary Aid to Needy Families, General Relief, Social Security or other such government programs designed to help people of African descent survive.
It was either do-it-yourself effort or get a little help from family and/or friends. As Black communities continued to mature, they followed the example of Whites and began to create mutual aid or benevolent societies. In their early years, these groups provided members with opportunities and protections in a racially hostile environment.